The mathematical sciences including engineering, statistics, computer science, physics, econometrics, and mathematics qua mathematics are increasingly being applied to advance our understanding of the causes, consequences, and alleviation of obesity. These applications go beyond routine approaches easily implemented in available commercial software. Rather, they increasingly involve computationally demanding tasks, development of novel measurement techniques and software, new quantitative derivations, and an exceptional degree of interdigitation of two or more existing techniques. Advances at the interface of the mathematical sciences and obesity research require bilateral training for investigators in both disciplines.